14 adolescent females referred for delinquent and acting-out behaviors were compared pre- and posttreatment on measures of self-concept, ideal self-concept, and anxiety. These Ss were in a 10-wk socialization program designed to produce positive changes in self-concept; 9 Ss were in a group run by community volunteers, and 5 Ss were in a group run by mental health professionals. Self-concept changes in a nonreferred comparison group of 8 nondelinquent Ss appeared nearly random in contrast to the systematic improvement for the 14 Ss in therapy. There was some evidence of differential affectiveness in that Ss in the professionally led group appeared to undergo the most marked changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1969 American Psychological Association.