Pseudo-Dynamic Evolution of Seismic Passive Earth Force and Pressure Behind Retaining Wall

This paper presents a detailed study on the seismic passive earth pressure behind a non-vertical cantilever retaining wall supporting inclined backfill, using pseudo-dynamic method. In addition to the consideration of wall and backfill surface inclination, the soil friction angle, wall friction angle, and both horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients are taken into account. From the obtained results, a non-linear variation of passive earth pressure along the height of the wall is observed. The results compare well with the existing values in research.