The paper analyzes the essence of informatization as the crucial factor of an all-round scientific and technological change, and determines ways of the USSR's development in new conditions and especially reforms of social relations and national economic management system. Informatization is viewed as development of an informational infrastructure of society providing for the use of information as a national resource. The current state-of-the-art and trends in informatization hardware development in the USSR are briefly reviewed. Principles of informatization management in the USSR are formulated and conditions for their implementation are analyzed.