From adjustment to revolution. Venezuela 1980-2012. The ruling party became revolutionary and the nationalist opposition: conflict and social polarization

From Luis Herrera Campins' government in 1979, Venezuela experienced a process of continuous implementations of macroeconomic adjustment policies with a neoliberal doctrine influence. There were three government's terms of office and three economic adjustment programs responsible for causing what Edgardo Lander clearly describes as an adjustment fatigue of the Venezuelan population. In other words, with every failed attempt the Venezuelan population experienced deep disappointment and diminished faith in what the model promised to provide. Proposals were implemented that seemed to promise the opposite of what had been experienced in recent years. These factors combined were an incitement for Hugo Chavez Frias coming to power in 1999. This article will explore this dynamic in their everyday expressions. Expression is breaking the geography of a capital city in handing and resignifying symbols and exposing to light the scars of years of inequality, and especially, strengthening in each posture the inability to recognize the Other, seen more as an enemy than as fellow.