Sodium chloride stress resulted in the accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in Rhizobium cultures raised in unbalanced growth conditions. This increase was a result of direct synthesis of PHB and not due to a reduced level of PHB breakdown which was evident from the specific activities of beta-ketothiolase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The accumulated PHB serves as a source of nutrition under carbon stress. Rhizobium DDSS 69 switches to alternate pathways of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism under NaCl stress and the osmoprotectant betaine reverses the osmotic responses induced by NaCl.