Diagnosis of small intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach by non-magnifying narrow-band imaging: A pilot study

AIM: To examine the efficacy of non-magnifying narrow-band imaging (NM-NBI) imaging for small signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 14 consecutive small intramucosal SRCs that had been treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and 14 randomly selected whitish gastric ulcer scars (control). The strength and shape of the SRCs and whitish scars by NM-NBI and white-light imaging (WLI) were assessed with Image J (NIH, Bethesda). RESULTS: NM-NBI findings of SRC showed a clearly isolated whitish area amid the brown color of the surrounding normal mucosa. The NBI index, which indicates the potency of NBI for visualizing SRC, was significantly higher than the WLI index (P = 0.001), indicating SRC was more clearly identified by NM-NBI. Although the NBI index was not significantly different between SRCs and controls, the circle (C)-index, as an index of circularity of tumor shape, was significantly higher in SRCs (P = 0.001). According to the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the resulting cut-off value of the circularity index (C-index) for SRC was 0.60 (85.7% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity). Thus a lesion with a C-index >= 0.6 was significantly more likely to be an SRC than a gastric ulcer scar (OR = 36.0; 95%CI: 4.33-299.09; P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: Small isolated whitish round area by NM-NBI endoscopy is a useful finding of SRCs which is the indication for ESD.