LIQUID SECONDARY IONIZATION, TANDEM AND MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID DERIVATIVES

Permethylated, peracetylated and perbenzoylated derivatives of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were prepared to compare their liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometric (LSIMS) and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric (CID/MS/MS) fragmentation patterns and also to determine sensitivity improvement in LSIMS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) relative to the native species. Permethylation was carried out in the liquid phase, whereas peracetylation and perbenzoylation could be effected using either liquid (bulk)-phase or gas-phase procedures. Lower amounts of starting material were required for the gas-phase derivatization (less than or equal to 100 pmol) compared with the bulk phase (less than or equal to 1 nmol), because the former method permits more efficient sample handling. All three types of derivatives yielded sensitivity improvements of at least two orders of magnitude over the native species in both LSIMS and MALDI-TOFMS. The behavior of the permethylated compounds was used as the benchmark for GSL structural information content in normal and tandem mass spectra. Fragments present in spectra of the three types of derivatives generated complementary information. Permethylated GSLs favored the formation of ions related to the ceramide moieties, whereas peracetylation enhanced the production of carbohydrate-related ions. The LSI mass spectra of perbenzoylated GSLs contained information on both ceramide and sugar portions of the molecules. Each of the LSIMS, MS/MS and MALDI-TOFMS techniques proved to be complementary to the others in this study; the use of all three is recommended for the generation of complete structural information.