DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CARP PRODUCTION AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

In this review paper, the different production systems of carp (common carp, Chinese carp and Indian carp) are briefly described: extensive carp monoculture in earthern ponds, with or without fertilization and/or additional feeding, intensive monoculture in small ponds, cages or raceways, and integrated mono- or polyculture with other agricultural activities. Some quantitative values of yield are given for each production system. Their respective impacts on the environment are compared, the environment being considered in its widest sense: physicochemical and biological changes, and multiuse conflicts for resources. Several techniques using carp as main species recently developed to prevent or reduce the negative impacts of fish or other animal wastes are presented.