Factors that matter for financial inclusion: evidence from Peru

This study comprises a quantitative approach to the determinants of financial inclusion in Peru based on micro-data from surveys. Significant correlations are used to identify those socioeconomic characteristics that may affect financial inclusion (or exclusion) of households and enterprises. We incorporate four levels of information: individuals, households, towns, and regions. The results show that the traditionally more vulnerable groups (women, individuals living in rural areas, and young people) are less likely to use the formal financial system. Loans and mortgages appear to be better drivers for financial inclusion than saving products. For enterprises, formality and education stand out as significant factors for financial inclusion. Access to the formal financial system seems to be a problem for households but not for enterprises, and households are also more affected by regional differences.