PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA

The task of the innovative development of Russia is an urgent need for modern stage of globalization of the economy, associated with the aggravation of competitive countries in the world economic space. Planning is an effective mechanism of innovative development and our country is to use the accumulated experience we have gained planning for the creation of the national innovation system. The role of the tax system of indirect stimulation of innovations in comparison with the developed countries of the world is small. The Tax Code should develop a new system effectively stimulating innovative development. It is also worth reviewing the rules of calculation of amortization in the sectors involved in the scientific-research and experimental-engineering developments. The group of special mechanisms includes methods of direct state funding of scientific research. In our country there is a practice of direct financing of scientific research by reviewing grant applications. But the effectiveness of the adopted programs is small. This is due, firstly, to the insufficiency of the funds allocated. And, secondly, in our country there lack necessary institutions aimed at innovative development. The creation of a competitive system that ensures the selection of performers on the basis of anonymity, and excludes the manifestation of subjectivism and corruption, could become an effective mechanism for the development of innovation in Russia. Innovative developments in the country are not in demand in business. Approximately 8-10% of innovative projects are used. At current loan interest rates entrepreneurs cannot afford long-term borrowings. The state should regulate the credit policy of banks in order to give the opportunity for the private business to investment in innovative development. But there is another problem - the problem of the structure of domestic production inefficient for innovative development. Enterprises of the fuel and energy complex have huge incomes through the sale of the national wealth - oil and gas - abroad, they do not need to develop innovations. The most important factor determining the development of innovation is human capital. And there are a number of problems, generated by, firstly, the crisis of the education system, and, secondly, a stable tendency of undervaluation of the labour force, especially of the highest qualification, accompanied by the degradation, fragmentation and disorientation of domestic scientific potential. Only the agricultural sector wages are lower than in the sphere of education. In order to prepare competent specialists capable to work in the innovation economy we need highly qualified teachers. At the present time the system of labour remuneration of teachers of higher educational institutions has led to the fact that the prestige and importance of the profession is lost. Thus, university professors cannot perform the function of development of science and creation of the national innovative system. And sectoral scientific-research institutes and design offices are destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other mechanisms that encourage the acquisition of new knowledge and their effective use.