Rewriting of the past. Still on the memory oblivion forgiveness link

Why the nexus memory/oblivion/forgiveness? The paper thinks back to the main themes linked to that conceptual constellation, beginning from Hannah Arendt's and Paul Ricoeur's thinking, crossing through the complex network of meanings the subject forgiveness takes on in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, up to the problematic territory of Nietzsche's Zarathustra. Once again, one should deal with a paradox: it is common belief that past cannot be changed, that it is given, since it sinks into the blind night of necessity; on the contrary, future is mostly considered uncertain, open, because it is the indefinite reign of possibilities. Now, is the paradox actual or just illusory? In the face of reality, that is the not-erasable nature of the past, their being (or appearing) "petrified", does the sense of events result as fixed - or not-fixed - once for all, since the moral responsibility, linked to the guilt-feeling towards the past, could be, from time to time, made lighter or heavier? Is it possible, through the present men reconciliation with their own past, to replace the covenant with destiny? These are the questions the present paper is hinged on.