In this review, fundamental and applied research on plant growth regulators conducted recently in Russian research institutes and universities is considered. It includes data on phytohormone receptors, protein kinases modulated by phytohormons, and presumable second messengers. It describes studies on metabolic interrelationships between different phytohormones, their changes in the course of plant development, and participation in adaptation of an intact plant to its environment. This review also concerns investigations of plant growth regulators in model systems, such as mutant plants with modified growth processes, tissue cultures, and isolated plant organs. Special attention is paid to applied research concerning phytohormones and their analogues used in agriculture.