SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS

The synthesis of high molecular weight acrylic water-soluble polymers in heterophase water-in-oil polymerizations is discussed. A mechanism has been elucidated which includes elementary reactions in the continuous (organic) and dispersed (aqueous) phases, as well as the interfacial layer. The latter allows for the identification of interfacially active species which can concurrently enhance stability and increase the linear molecular weight of the polymer. Suitable species are found to contain multiple radically active functional groups on either the hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties. A one-point light-scattering method is also developed which improves the accuracy in molecular-weight estimation to +/- 5%, compared with +/- 10% for the conventional dilution procedure. This is demonstrated for high molecular weight polyacrylamides and is found to reduce the sample measurement time fourfold, to 20 min.